(e) thence southerly along the arc of a circle drawn concave to Ashmore Islands with a radius of twenty-four nautical miles to the point of Latitude 12° 14' 25.8" South, Longitude 122° 31' 06.6" East ("Point A49");

(f) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 13° 56' 31.7" South, Longitude 120° 00' 46.9" East ("Point A50");

(g) thence north along the meridian to the point of Latitude 12° 46' 27.9" South, Longitude 120° 00' 46.9" East ("Point A51");

(h) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 45' 47" South, Longitude 119° 59' 31" East ("Point A52");

(i) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 45' 38" South, Longitude 119° 59' 15" East ("Point A53");

(j) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 43' 46" South, Longitude 119° 56' 13" East ("Point A54");

(k) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 41' 57" South, Longitude 119° 53' 18" East ("Point A55");

(l) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 41' 46" South, Longitude 119° 52' 57" East ("Point A56");

(m) thence north along the meridian to the point of Latitude 12° 41' 36" South, Longitude 119° 52' 38" East ("Point A57);

(n) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 40' 33" South, Longitude 119° 50' 28" East ("Point A58");

(o) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 35' 43" South, Longitude 119° 40' 33" East ("Point A59");

(p) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 32' 31" South, Longitude 119° 33' 16" East ("Point A60");

(q) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 29' 19" South, Longitude 119° 27' 17" East ("Point A61");

(r) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 25' 43" South, Longitude 119° 21' 35" East ("Point A62");

(s) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 24' 59" South, Longitude 119° 20' 34" East ("Point A63");

(t) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 23' 58" South, Longitude 119° 16' 35" East ("Point A64");

(u) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 23' 42" South, Longitude 119° 15' 23" East ("Point A65");

(v) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 21' 51" South, Longitude 119° 19' 03" East ("Point A66");

(w) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 20' 21" South, Longitude 119° 05' 00" East ("Point A67");

(x) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 19' 55" South, Longitude 119° 02' 40" East ("Point A68");

(y) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 18' 50" South, Longitude 118° 58' 31" East ("Point A69");

(z) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 17' 54" South, Longitude 118° 55' 12" East ("Point A70");

(aa) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 15' 57" South, Longitude 118° 49' 30" East ("Point A71");

(ab) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 13' 12" South, Longitude 118° 43' 09" East ("Point A72");

(ac) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 11' 01" South, Longitude 118° 39' 00" East ("Point A73");

(ad) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 10' 26" South, Longitude 118° 37' 28" East ("Point A74");

(ae) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 10' 06" South, Longitude 118° 35' 16" East ("Point A75");

(af) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 07' 46" South, Longitude 118° 25' 07" East ("Point A76");

(ag) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 06' 21" South, Longitude 118° 20' 45"East ("Point A77");

(ah) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 04' 19" South, Longitude 118° 07' 44"East ("Point A78");

(ai) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 04' 08.8" South, Longitude 118° 06' 14.4" East ("Point A79");

(aj) thence southerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 04' 24.9" South, Longitude 118° 06' 17.2" East ("Point A80);

(ak) thence southerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 49' 54.8" South, Longitude 118° 14' 22.6" East ("Point A81);

(al) thence southerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 13° 05' 27.0" South, Longitude 118° 10' 08.9" East ("Point A82), where it terminates.

2. An illustrative map depicting the line described in paragraph 1 of this article forms Annex 1 to this Treaty.

3. A reference to the "seabed" in this Treaty includes the subsoil beneath the seabed.

Article 2

Exclusive economic zone

1. In the area between continental Australia and the Indonesian archipelago, the boundary between the area of exclusive economic zone that is adjacent to and appertains to Australia and the area of exclusive economic zone that is adjacent to and appertains to the Republic of Indonesia is the line:

(a) commencing at the point of Latitude 10° 50' 00" South, Longitude 139° 12' 00" East (Point Z1");

(b) running thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 10° 24' 00" South, Longitude 138° 38' 00" East ("Point Z2");

(c) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 10° 22' 00" South, Longitude 138° 35' 00" East ("Point Z3");

(d) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 10° 09' 00" South, Longitude 138° 13' 00" East ("Point Z4");

(e) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 57' 00" South, Longitude 137° 45' 00" East ("Point Z5");

(f) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 08' 00" South, Longitude 135° 29' 00" East ("Point Z6");

(g) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 17' 00" South, Longitude 135° 13' 00" East ("Point Z7");

(h) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 22' 00" South, Longitude 135° 03' 00" East ("Point Z8");

(i) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 25' 00" South, Longitude 134° 50' 00" East ("Point Z9");

(j) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 8° 53' 00" South, Longitude 133° 23' 00" East ("Point Z10");

(k) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 06' 00" South, Longitude 132° 46' 00" East ("Point Z11");

(l) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 14' 00" South, Longitude 132° 33' 00" East ("Point Z12");

(m) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 16' 00" South, Longitude 132° 30' 00" East ("Point Z13");

(n) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 20' 00" South, Longitude 132° 20' 00" East ("Point Z14");

(o) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 23' 00" South, Longitude 132° 12' 00" East ("Point Z15");

(p) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 31' 00" South, Longitude 131° 57' 00" East ("Point Z16");

(q) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 33' 00" South, Longitude 131° 52' 00" East ("Point Z17");

(r) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 36' 00" South, Longitude 131° 43' 00" East ("Point Z18");

(s) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 40' 00" South, Longitude 131° 31' 00" East ("Point Z19");

(t) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 42' 00" South, Longitude 131° 28' 00" East ("Point Z20");

(u) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 47' 00" South, Longitude 130° 55' 00" East ("Point Z21");

(v) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 45' 00" South, Longitude 130° 43' 00" East ("Point Z22");

(w) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 39' 00" South, Longitude 130° 06' 00" East ("Point Z23");

(x) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 45' 00" South, Longitude 129° 30' 00" East ("Point Z24");

(y) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 59' 00" South, Longitude 129° 01' 00" East ("Point Z25");

(z) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 10° 26' 00" South, Longitude 128° 18' 00" East ("Point Z26");

(aa) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 10° 28' 00" South, Longitude 128° 14' 00" East ("Point Z27");

(ab) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 10° 29' 11.8" South, Longitude 128° 12' 28.4" East ("Point Z28");

(ac) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 10° 43' 37.8" South, Longitude 127° 59' 20.4" East ("Point Z29");

(ad) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 10° 53' 36.8" South, Longitude 127° 48' 49.4" East ("Point Z30");

(ae) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 10° 55' 20.8" South, Longitude 127° 47' 08.4" East ("Point Z31");

(af) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 11° 14' 18.9" South, Longitude 127° 31' 37.4" East ("Point Z32");

(ag) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 11° 17' 24.9" South, Longitude 126° 58' 17.4" East ("Point Z33");

(ah) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 11° 17' 30.9" South, Longitude 126° 57' 11.4" East ("Point Z34");

(ai) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 11° 19' 40.9" South, Longitude 126° 47' 08.4" East ("Point Z35");

(aj) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 11° 20' 02.9" South, Longitude 126° 31' 58.4" East ("Point Z36");

(ak) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 11° 20' 00" South, Longitude 126° 31' 00" East ("Point Z37");

(al) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 11° 21' 00" South, Longitude 126° 28' 00" East ("Point Z38");

(am) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 11° 26' 00" South, Longitude 126° 12' 00" East ("Point Z39");

(an) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 11° 31' 00" South, Longitude 126° 00' 00" East ("Point Z40");

(ao) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 11° 37' 00" South, Longitude 125° 45' 00" East ("Point Z41");

(ap) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 11° 45' 00" South, Longitude 125° 25' 00" East ("Point Z42");

(aq) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 11° 47' 00" South, Longitude 125° 20' 00" East ("Point Z43");

(ar) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 12° 15' 34.4" South, Longitude 123° 33' 55.1" East ("Point Z44");

(as) thence northerly along the arc of a circle drawn to Ashmore Islands with a radius of twenty-four nautical miles to the point of Latitude 12° 14' 46.7" South, Longitude 123° 33' 55.8" East ("Point Z45");

(at) thence generally northerly, north-westerly, westerly, south-westerly, and southerly along a series of intersecting circular arcs drawn concave to Ashmore Islands with a radius of twenty-four nautical miles and having the following vertices:

(au) thence southerly along the arc of a circle drawn concave to Ashmore Islands with a radius of twenty-four nautical miles to the point of Latitude 12° 14' 25.8" South, Longitude 122° 31' 06.6" East ("Point Z85");

(av) thence south along the meridian to the point of Latitude 12° 50' 28.2" South, Longitude 122° 31' 06.6" East ("Point Z86");

(aw) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 13° 15' 00" South, Longitude 121° 49' 00" East ("Point Z87");

(ax) thence south-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 13° 56' 31.7" South, Longitude 120° 00' 46.9" East ("Point Z88");

(ay) thence north-westerly along the arc of a circle with a radius of 200 nautical miles drawn through the following points to the point of Latitude 13° 40' 34.1" South, Longitude 119° 28' 46.1" East ("Point Z92");

(az) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 13° 36' 30.2" South, Longitude 119° 22' 08.7" East ("Point Z93");

(ba) thence north-westerly along the arc of a circle with a radius of 200 nautical miles drawn through the following points to the point of Latitude 13° 14' 33.6" South, Longitude 118° 24' 44.1" East ("Point Z100"), where it terminates.

2. An illustrative map depicting the line described in paragraph 1 of this article forms Annex 2 to this Treaty.

3. The geographical coordinates referred to in subparagraphs 1(a) to 1(j) of this article are expressed in terms of the Australian Geodetic Datum 1966 (AGD66) system.

Article 3

Christmas Island/Java

1. In the area between Christmas Island (Australia) and Java Island (Republic of Indonesia), the boundary between the area of seabed and exclusive economic zone that is adjacent to and appertains to Australia and the area of seabed and exclusive economic zone that is adjacent to and appertains to the Republic of Indonesia is the line:

(a) commencing at the point of Latitude 11° 10' 24.6" South, Longitude 109° 01' 25.8" East (Point C1");

(b) running thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 9° 46' 49.8" South, Longitude 105° 50' 55.4" East ("Point C2");

(c) thence north-westerly along the geodesic to the point of Latitude 8° 52' 14.1" South, Longitude 102° 34' 12.7" East ("Point C3").

2. An illustrative map depicting the line described in paragraph 1 of this article forms Annex 3 to this Treaty.

Article 4

Geodetic Reference System

1. Subject to paragraph 3 of article 2, the geographical coordinates referred to in articles 1, 2 and 3 are expressed in terms of the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84).

2. The Parties may treat the WGS84 coordinates referred to in paragraph 1 as being equivalent to the coordinates in the International Earth Rotation Service Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF).

3. All references to nautical miles shall be taken to mean the international nautical mile, equivalent to 1852 metres.

Article 5

Seabed rights

1. Subject to articles 7 and 8, in areas of seabed adjacent to and appertaining to a Party, that Party may exercise the sovereign rights and jurisdiction in relation to the continental shelf accorded to coastal States under the 1982 Convention.

2. The "areas of seabed adjacent to and appertaining to a Party" referred to in paragraph 1 of this article and in article 7 are those areas of seabed that are adjacent to and appertain to that Party under:

(a) the Agreements; and

(b) articles 1 and 3 of this Treaty.

Article 6

Exclusive economic zone rights

1. Subject to articles 7 and 8, in areas of exclusive economic zone adjacent to and appertaining to a Party, that Party may exercise the sovereign rights and jurisdiction in the exclusive economic zone accorded to coastal States under the 1982 Convention.

2. The "areas of exclusive economic zone adjacent to and appertaining to a Party" referred to in paragraph 1 of this article and in article 7 are those areas of exclusive economic zone that are adjacent to and appertain to that Party under articles 2 and 3 of this Treaty.

Article 7

Areas of overlapping jurisdiction

In those areas where the areas of exclusive economic zone adjacent to and appertaining to a Party (the First Party) overlap the areas of seabed adjacent to and appertaining to a Party being the other Party (the Second Party):

(a) the First Party may exercise exclusive economic zone sovereign rights and jurisdiction provided for in the 1982 Convention in relation to the water column;

(b) the Second Party may exercise continental shelf sovereign rights and jurisdiction provided for in the 1982 Convention in relation to the seabed;

(c) the construction of an artificial island shall be subject to the agreement of both Parties. An "artificial island" for the purposes of this article is an area of land, surrounded by water, which is above water at high tide by reason of human intervention;

(d) the Second Party shall give the First Party three months notice of the proposed grant of exploration or exploitation rights;

(e) the construction of installations and structures shall be the subject of due notice and a permanent means of giving warning of their presence must be maintained;

(f) (i) any installation or structure which is abandoned or disused shall be removed by the Party which authorized its construction in order to ensure the safety of navigation, taking into account any generally accepted international standards established in this regard by the competent international organization;

(ii) such removal shall also have due regard to fishing and to the protection of the marine environment. Appropriate publicity shall be given to the depth, position and dimensions of any installations or structures not entirely removed;

(g) the construction of a fish-aggregating device shall be the subject of due notice;

(h) the Party constructing an artificial island, installation, structure or fish-aggregating device shall have exclusive jurisdiction over it;

(i) marine scientific research shall be carried out or authorized by a Party in accordance with the 1982 Convention and such research shall be notified to the other Party;

(j) the Parties shall take effective measures as may be necessary to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment;

(k) each Party shall be liable in accordance with international law for pollution of the marine environment caused by activities under its jurisdiction;

(l) any island within the meaning of article 121 (l) of the 1982 Convention which emerges after the entry into force of this Treaty shall be the subject of consultations between the Parties with a view to determining its status;

(m) neither Party shall exercise its rights and jurisdiction in a manner which unduly inhibits the exercise of the rights and jurisdiction of the other Party; and

(n) the Parties shall cooperate with each other in relation to the exercise of their respective rights and jurisdiction.

Article 8

Zone of Cooperation

1. Nothing contained in this Treaty affects the rights and obligations of either party as a Contracting State to the Zone of Cooperation Treaty.

2. Nothing contained in this Treaty and no acts or activities taking place pursuant to this Treaty shall be interpreted as prejudicing the position of either Party on a permanent seabed delimitation in the Zone of Cooperation established under the Zone of Cooperation Treaty nor shall anything contained in this Treaty be considered as affecting the respective seabed rights claimed by each Party in the Zone of Cooperation.

Article 9

Exploitation of certain seabed deposits

If any single accumulation of liquid hydrocarbons or natural gas, or if any other mineral deposit beneath the seabed, extends across the lines described in articles 1 and 3 of this Treaty, and the part of such accumulation or deposit that is situated on one side of the line is recoverable in fluid form wholly or in part from the other side of the line, the two Parties will seek to reach agreement on the manner in which the accumulation or deposit shall be most effectively exploited and on the equitable sharing of the benefits arising from such exploitation.

Article 10

Dispute settlement

Any dispute between the two Parties arising out of the interpretation or implementation of this Treaty shall be settled peacefully by consultation or negotiation.

Article 11

Entry into force

This Treaty shall be subject to ratification and shall enter into force on the date of exchange of the instruments of ratification.

In witness whereof, the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective Governments, have signed this Treaty.

Done at Perth on the fourteenth day of March, one thousand nine hundred and ninety-seven in the English and Indonesian languages, both texts being equally authentic.